ABSTRACT
The biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) dictate tissue-specific cell behaviour. In the skeleton system, bone shows the potential to adapt its architecture and contexture to environmental rigidity via the bone remodelling process, which involves chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and even peripheral bone marrow-derived stem/stromal cells (BMSCs). In the current study, we generated stiff (~1 014 ± 56) kPa, Young's modulus) and soft (~46 ± 11) kPa silicon-based elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates by mixing curing agent into oligomeric base at 1:5 and 1:45 ratios, respectively, and investigated the influence of substrate stiffness on the cell behaviours by characterizing cell spreading area, cell cytoskeleton and cell adhesion capacity. The results showed that the cell spreading areas of chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and BMSCs were all reduced in the soft substrate relative to those in the stiff substrate. F-actin staining confirmed that the cytoskeleton was also changed in the soft group compared to that in the stiff group. Vinculin in focal adhesion plaques was significantly decreased in response to soft substrate compared to stiff substrate. This study establishes the potential correlation between microenvironmental mechanics and the skeletal system, and the results regarding changes in cell spreading area, cytoskeleton and cell adhesion further indicate the important role of biomechanics in the cell-matrix interaction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Actins , Cell Adhesion , Elastic Modulus , Focal Adhesions , Physiology , Vinculin , MetabolismABSTRACT
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissue in the periodontal region. Although dysbiosis of the local microbial community initiates local inflammation, over-activation of the host immune response directly activates osteoclastic activity and alveolar bone loss. Many studies have reported on the cytokine network involved in periodontitis and its crucial and pleiotropic effect on the recruitment of specific immunocytes, control of pathobionts and induction or suppression of osteoclastic activity. Nonetheless, particularities in the stimulation of pathogens in the oral cavity that lead to the specific and complex periodontal cytokine network are far from clarified. Thus, in this review, we begin with an up-to-date aetiological hypothesis of periodontal disease and summarize the roles of cytokines in the host immune response. In addition, we also summarize the latest cytokine-related therapeutic measures for periodontal disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alveolar Bone Loss , Cytokines , Metabolism , Physiology , Inflammation , Periodontal Diseases , Periodontitis , Allergy and Immunology , Microbiology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the role of BRAFV600E mutation in diagnosis of thyroid nodules when it is inconsonant with cytological results.@*Methods@#This study included 9837 patients who underwent US-FNA. We mainly analyzed 239 cases with benign or indeterminate cytology, but having a detection of BRAFV600E mutation. BRAFV600E mutation analysis was performed using a Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction.@*Results@#In 93 nodules with benign cytology results but positive BRAFV600E mutation, 84 nodules were malignant. Based on the results, US-FNA combined with BRAFV600E mutation analysis will improve sensitivity (Se=94.03%) and negative predictive value (NPV=2.69%) of the thyroid nodules diagnosis than using US-FNA alone (Se=71.03%, NPV=20.76%) .@*Conclusion@#BRAFV600E mutation analysis is an important tool in the diagnosis of PTC with high sensitivity and NPV. When facing patients with benign or indeterminate cytology but positive BRAFV600E mutation, thyroidectomy should be considered.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of BRAFV600E mutation in diagnosis of thyroid nodules when it is inconsonant with cytological results. Methods This study included 9837 patients who underwent US-FNA. We mainly analyzed 239 cases with benign or indeterminate cytology, but having a detection of BRAFV600E muta-tion. BRAFV600E mutation analysis was performed using a Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results In 93 nodules with benign cytology results but positive BRAFV600E mutation, 84 nodules were malignant. Based on the results, US-FNA combined with BRAFV600E mutation analysis will improve sensitivity (Se=94.03％)and negative predictive value (NPV=2.69％) of the thyroid nodules diagnosis than using US-FNA alone(Se=71.03％, NPV=20.76％). Conclusion BRAFV600E mutation analysis is an important tool in the diagnosis of PTC with high sensitivity and NPV. When facing patients with benign or indeterminate cytology but positive BRAFV600E mutation, thyroidectomy should be considered.